ECONOMIC GROWTH: CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS
In modern conditions, in all spheres of society, the issue of increasing labor productivity, as well as the quality of services, is relevant, which requires an in-depth study of the process of formation of labor costs and labor results. Labor productivity is one of the most important indicators of the economic efficiency of production in general and separately by industry, the effectiveness of the efficient use of human labor. The increase favorably increased the efficiency of the use of fixed assets through capital productivity, payback, material consumption of services.
The analysis of scientific literature and statistical data shows that demographic processes in the world, the country and the region, on the one hand, affect its economic growth of the territory, and on the other — are a consequence of changes in its socio–economic condition. The death rate. The birth rate and demographic trends in the country determine its attractiveness for business and the population and act as an important condition for the implementation of development. The article analyzes the demographic situation in Russia, the dynamics of its development, opportunities and threats for future economic growth.
Comparative study of the macroeconomical development of Russia during the sanctions period through comparative and statistical analysis of the dynamics of the main macro indicators, which allows analyzing the economic development of a country under sanctions and getting a new idea of how the country functions in this changing reality. The modern world economy is going through a period of sanctions wars between countries, which are conducted openly or secretly with the help of international institutions. In this regard, it is becoming increasingly useful to analyze the economic development of countries under sanctions in order to gain a new understanding of how countries function in this changing reality. Comparative study of the macroeconomical development of Russia during the sanctions period by means of comparative and statistical analysis of the dynamics of the main macro indicators, including growth rates and the value of GDP for the base period, consumer spending, gross capital accumulation, exports, imports, etc. Theoretically, the description of sanctions as a tool for harming economic development is chosen as a methodology for international comparisons and analysis of statistical data that can be used to assess various sanctions against economic development. The analysis of empirical data does not reveal a clear connection between the dynamics of indicators and the imposition of sanctions, which is confirmed by an empirical analysis of the available data. Countries are forced to achieve their economic development goals in conditions of severe restrictions that do not restrain other countries. This fact adds to the specifics of the current global market and the ongoing market competition.
FINANCE, CREDIT, INSURANCE
The article is devoted to the study of approaches to the concept of investment attractiveness of an enterprise used in Russian practice. Special attention is paid to the study of tools and methods for assessing the investment attractiveness of an enterprise in modern conditions. The relevance of the topic of the article lies in the fact that not all enterprises pay due attention to the investment climate, which leads to a decline in the efficiency of operational, investment and financial activities. Investment attractiveness is the main criterion that can attract investors, and as a result, increase the company’s profit.
The subject of the research in the article are methods and techniques for assessing the investment attractiveness of economic entities. The research results consist in the development of proposals to increase the investment attractiveness of enterprises on the basis of indicators characterizing the financial condition of the enterprise in conjunction with the probability of bankruptcy of the Altman model and accounting for the external environment of the enterprise.
INDUSTRY SECTOR AS THE BASIS OF THE RUSSIAN ECONOMY
In 2022 in the Russian Federation, most of the urban citizens use the services of public passenger transport. Moreover, the main share of passenger urban logistics falls on the bus fleet. According to leading economic experts, this circumstance is primarily due to the fact that in the largest cities of Russia, due to the large influx of private cars, big problems began to appear in the form of traffic jams and parking spaces. And there was no alternative to personal transport except for passenger urban logistics. Another important factor: every year the population in Russian cities is steadily growing. And this is provided that today urban passenger logistics is in demand more than ever. Unfortunately, the amount of subsidized funds that the government of the Russian Federation allocates for the maintenance of municipal urban transport does not fully cover all the costs of carriers. Analysts attribute the lack of subsidies primarily to their biased calculation: local authorities in the Russian Federation determine the amount of subsidies using outdated regulations and without proper methodological calculations. All this together leads to disappointing and biased results of calculations.
This paper provides an up-to-date review of recent scientific articles on the problems and ways to overcome them in the development of the Russian construction industry during the economic crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and increased sanctions pressure since February 2022. Thus, the chronological framework of scientific publications as the objects of this study covers the period 2020–2022.
The task of the analytical review is to identify and analyze publications on the stated topic. The aim is to evaluate the current state of research on the construction industry at the present stage. The relevance is determined by the insufficient degree of knowledge of the problem.
SMALL BUSINESS
A significant role in the economic development of the country is given to the sector of small and medium-sized enterprises. In times of crisis its comprehensive support is one of the priority tasks of the government. In this connection the investigated business sector is under the close attention of country’s government and economists. The article analyzes the official statistical data on the main indicators of SME activity. It reveals a high correlation between the gross value added created by SMEs and the volume of innovative goods, works and services in the Russian Federation.
SOCIOCULTURAL ASPECTS OF ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITY
This article presents the results of the author’s research, determining the influence of various factors on the formation of professional competencies of dentists, the relationship with their personal characteristics, work experience and medical specialization. The information was collected in order to independently assess the impact of factors and develop proposals to motivate employees to improve their skills.
The demographic development of Russia largely depends on the socio–economic growth of the country, labor and professional mobility of the population. At the same time, self–development, self–realization, and solutions to professional problems of various levels of complexity play a predominant role. Professional mobility is one of the mechanisms of personality adaptation, the characteristics of which include self–realization, self–regulation, activity, self–development, self–knowledge, self–improvement; means of exhibiting the employee’s ability and willingness to master and apply knowledge, skills and skills demanded in the labor market through advanced training, acquisition of specialized skills and skills in trainings, corporate universities, internships. Its development is closely related to the training and additional professional education of employees.
Today, in the conditions of modern realities of the economy, a person is required to have a high level of professional readiness for its rapidly changing guidelines. The transition from the concept of «education for life» is updated to the concept of «education throughout life», while improving labor efficiency requires additional education, qualifications, as well as professional retraining, therefore, it is necessary to develop a system of high-quality professional guidance for the population of Russia, capable of promptly responding to the challenges of an economy focused on innovative development.
The HR management system in organizations sets tasks for training, retraining of personnel, as well as for their advanced training in market conditions, responding to the needs of production in labor and the needs of employees in development. Professional education provides employees with the necessary competencies for work, sometimes throughout a person’s life. Training of human resources is the main tool for the formation of professional competencies necessary for labor activity.
Vocational training programs are an effective way to combat unemployment, especially for people with low levels of education. An active employment policy in this direction can help reduce the skills mismatch that often leads to long–term unemployment among people with low education. The effectiveness of these programs depends on the quality of the training provided, the length of the program, and the types of training. A study of foreign experience has shown that programs that provide both theoretical and on–the–job training tend to be particularly effective in improving employment outcomes.